11-01-2006, 08:19 AM
Hungarian archaeologist discovers tablet mentioning Masada's
destroyer
By Nadav Shragai
In 73 CE, the Roman governor of Judea, Flavius Silva, laid siege to
Masada with Legion X Fretensis. When the walls were broken down by
a battering ram, the Romans found the fortress' defenders had set
fire to all the structures and preferred mass suicide to captivity
or defeat. Masada has since become part of Jewish mythology, as has
the name Silva, who Josephus Flavius mentions in his writings. It
is therefore no great surprise that Hungarian archaeologist Dr.
Tibor Grull, studying in Israel three years ago, was excited to
discover a stone tablet during a visit to the Temple Mount with a
Latin inscription of the name of Masada's destroyer.
Grull asked officials of the Waqf, the Muslim trust for the Temple
Mount, where the tablet came from, and they explained it had been
found in the large hole dug in the mount in 1999 when the entrance
to Solomon's Stables was opened. The Hungarian archaeologist
received rare permission to photograph and document the finding. In
October 2005, Grull published the discovery in the journal of the
W.F. Albright Institute of Archaeological Research.
Particularly interested in the find was Bar Ilan's Dr. Gabi Barkai,
who has been sifting through Temple Mount dirt for the past two
years. The dirt, in which many finds dating as far back as the
First Temple period have been discovered, was dug from the same
hole by Waqf personnel and taken from the same area - the
south-east side - from which the inscription fragment was taken.
Barkai contacted Grull and included Grull's work - which had not
received exposure - in a comprehensive article on the sifting
project at the Temple Mount, slated for publication in the next
edition of the periodical Ariel.
Grull's photographs of the stone tablet are first being published
in Haaretz. The five-line monumental inscription is 97 centimeters
by 75 centimeters. The text itself is damaged. Barkai, relying on
Grull, says the inscription is undoubtedly the dedication carved
into a victory arch, and it includes the Latin word for "arch."
"This is the only evidence we have of a victory or memorial arch
the Romans built on the Temple Mount after the destruction of the
city and the Temple," Barkai notes. "This is the first evidence of
reconstruction, carried out by the Roman army, immediately after
Jerusalem's destruction, about fifty years before Aelia Capitolina
was founded."
Barkai says the inscription memorializes Flavius Silva, the
conqueror of Masada and governor of Judea from 73 to 80 CE. The
missing section of the inscription apparently mentioned Roman
military commanders Aspasianus and Titus. The inscription also
mentions a previously unknown person named Atnagorus.
The Waqf, which is opposed to archaeological digging on the Temple
Mount, apparently has the tablet itself. Due to Waqf opposition,
only areas surrounding the Mount itself, the City of David and the
southern Western Wall, south of the Wall Plaza, and the western
area of the wall north of the plaza - the Wall Tunnel - have been
excavated until now.
destroyer
By Nadav Shragai
In 73 CE, the Roman governor of Judea, Flavius Silva, laid siege to
Masada with Legion X Fretensis. When the walls were broken down by
a battering ram, the Romans found the fortress' defenders had set
fire to all the structures and preferred mass suicide to captivity
or defeat. Masada has since become part of Jewish mythology, as has
the name Silva, who Josephus Flavius mentions in his writings. It
is therefore no great surprise that Hungarian archaeologist Dr.
Tibor Grull, studying in Israel three years ago, was excited to
discover a stone tablet during a visit to the Temple Mount with a
Latin inscription of the name of Masada's destroyer.
Grull asked officials of the Waqf, the Muslim trust for the Temple
Mount, where the tablet came from, and they explained it had been
found in the large hole dug in the mount in 1999 when the entrance
to Solomon's Stables was opened. The Hungarian archaeologist
received rare permission to photograph and document the finding. In
October 2005, Grull published the discovery in the journal of the
W.F. Albright Institute of Archaeological Research.
Particularly interested in the find was Bar Ilan's Dr. Gabi Barkai,
who has been sifting through Temple Mount dirt for the past two
years. The dirt, in which many finds dating as far back as the
First Temple period have been discovered, was dug from the same
hole by Waqf personnel and taken from the same area - the
south-east side - from which the inscription fragment was taken.
Barkai contacted Grull and included Grull's work - which had not
received exposure - in a comprehensive article on the sifting
project at the Temple Mount, slated for publication in the next
edition of the periodical Ariel.
Grull's photographs of the stone tablet are first being published
in Haaretz. The five-line monumental inscription is 97 centimeters
by 75 centimeters. The text itself is damaged. Barkai, relying on
Grull, says the inscription is undoubtedly the dedication carved
into a victory arch, and it includes the Latin word for "arch."
"This is the only evidence we have of a victory or memorial arch
the Romans built on the Temple Mount after the destruction of the
city and the Temple," Barkai notes. "This is the first evidence of
reconstruction, carried out by the Roman army, immediately after
Jerusalem's destruction, about fifty years before Aelia Capitolina
was founded."
Barkai says the inscription memorializes Flavius Silva, the
conqueror of Masada and governor of Judea from 73 to 80 CE. The
missing section of the inscription apparently mentioned Roman
military commanders Aspasianus and Titus. The inscription also
mentions a previously unknown person named Atnagorus.
The Waqf, which is opposed to archaeological digging on the Temple
Mount, apparently has the tablet itself. Due to Waqf opposition,
only areas surrounding the Mount itself, the City of David and the
southern Western Wall, south of the Wall Plaza, and the western
area of the wall north of the plaza - the Wall Tunnel - have been
excavated until now.
Der Archäologe ist sich sicher, dass der erwähnte "Flavi" nur jener römische Kommandeur Flavius Silva sein kann, der nach der Zerstörung des Tempels in Jerusalem die letzte jüdische Festung Masada belagern und schließlich erobern ließ. Er selbst wurde dann von 74 bis 80 Statthalter der römischen Provinz Judäa.