List of Roman Battles

[Roy]

Battle Near the River Stour (Part of the Second Invasion of Britannia)
Date: 54BC, July
Location: Near River Stour, Britannia
Combatants: Roman Republic vs. Britons
Roman Commander: Gaius Julius Caesar
Commander: ?
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: 4 Legions, 1700 cavalry
Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Casualties: ?

British Attack on Roman Foragers
Date: 54BC
Location: Britannia
Combatants: Roman Republic vs. Britons
Roman Commander: Gaius Trebonius
Briton Commander: Cassivellaunus?
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: 3 legions, 1700 cavalry
Briton Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Briton Casualties: ?

Ambush by the Eburones
Date: Winter, End 54BC or Early 53BC
Location: Northern Gaul
Combatants: Roman Republic vs. Eburones
Roman Commanders: Quintus Titurius Sabinus & Lucius Aurunculeius Cotta
Commander: Ambiorix
Result: Eburonic victory
Roman Strength: 1 Legion (+ auxilliaries?)
Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Casualties: ?

Battle of Carrhae
Date: 53BC
Location: Near Carrhae, Parthia
Combatants: Roman Republic vs. Parthia
Roman Commander: Marcus Licinius Crassus
Parthian Commander: Surena
Result: Parthian victory
Roman Strength: 35000 legionnaires, 4000 cavalry, 4000 light infantry
Parthian Strength: 9000 horse-archers, 1000 cataphracts
Roman Casualties: 20000 killed, 10000 captured, 4000 wounded
Parthian Casualties: ?

Siege of Cicero's Camp
Date: 53BC
Location: Near Sabis, Gaul
Combatants: Roman Republic vs. Gauls (revolt)
Roman Commander: Gaius Julius Caesar & Quintus Tullius Cicero
Gallic Commander: Ambiorix
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: 3(?) under-strength legions, 400(?) cavalry
Gallic Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Gallic Casualties: ?

Siege of Avaricum
Date: 52BC, March
Location: Avaricum, Gaul
Combatants: Roman Republic vs. Gauls
Roman Commander: Gaius Julius Caesar
Gallic Commander: Vercingetorix?
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: ?
Gallic Strength: 40000 (including civilians)
Roman Casualties: ?
Gallic Casualties: 32000 (including civilians)

Battle of Gergovia
Date: 52BC, April/May
Location: Gergovia, Gaul
Combatants: Roman Republic vs. Gauls
Roman Commander: Gaius Julius Caesar
Gallic Commander: Vercingetorix
Result: Gallic victory
Roman Strength: 6 Legions, 20000 auxilliaries
Gallic Strength: 30000, including the Averni Guard
Roman Casualties: 700 + 46 centuriones killed, over 6000 wounded
Gallic Casualties: ?

Battle of the Vingeanne
Date: 52BC, July
Location: Gaul
Combatants: Roman Republic vs. Gauls
Roman Commander: Gaius Julius Caesar
Gallic Commander: Vercingetorix
Result: Indecisive
Roman Strength: ?
Gallic Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Gallic Casualties: ?

Battle of Alesia
Date: 52BC, September
Location: Alesia, Gaul
Combatants: Roman Republic vs. Gauls
Roman Commander: Gaius Julius Caesar
Commanders: Vercingetorix & Commius
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: 12 Legions? + auxilliaries (30000-60000)
Strength: 160000-330000
Roman Casualties: 12800
Casualties: 40000-250000

Siege of Massilia
Date: 49BC
Location: Masillia, Southern Gaul
Combatants: Populares vs. Optimates
Populares Commander: Gaius Trebonius
Optimates Commander: Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus
Result: Populares victory
Populares Strength: 3 Legions
Optimates Strength: ?
Populares Casualties: ?
Optimates Casualties: ?

Naval Battle of Massilia
Date: 49BC
Location: near Massilia
Combatants: Populares vs. Optimates
Populares Commander: Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus
Optimates Commander: ?
Result: Optimates victory
Populares Strength: ?, but less than Optimates
Optimates Strength: ?
Populares Casualties: ?
Optimates Casualties: 9 ships

Battle of Ilerda
Date: 49BC
Location: Near Ilerda, Spain
Combatants: Populares vs. Optimates
Populares Commander: Gaius Julius Caesar
Optimates Commanders: Lucius Afranius & Marcus Petreius
Result: Populares victory
Populares Strength: ?
Optimates Strength: 5 Legions, 80 cohorts, 5000 cavalry
Populares Casualties: ?
Optimates Casualties: Whole army surrendered

Battle of Utica
Date: 49BC
Location: North Africa
Combatants: Populares vs. Optimates
Populares Commander: Gaius Scribonius Curio
Optimates Commander: Juba I of Numidia
Result: Populares victory
Populares Strength: ?
Optimates Strength: ?
Populares Casualties: ?
Optimates Casualties: ?

Battle of the Bagradas River
Date: 49BC, August 24
Location: Near Bagradas River, North Africa
Combatants: Populares vs. Optimates
Populares Commander: Gaius Scribonius Curio
Optimates Commanders: Publius Attius Varus & Juba I of Numidia
Result: Optimates victory
Populares Strength: ?
Optimates Strength: ?
Populares Casualties: ?
Optimates Casualties: ?

Battle of Dyrrhachium
Date: 48BC, July 10
Location: Dyrrhachium
Combatants: Populares vs. Optimates
Populares Commander: Gaius Julius Caesar
Optimates Commander: Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus
Result: Optimates victory
Populares Strength: 15000
Optimates Strength: 45000
Populares Casualties: 1000
Optimates Casualties: ?

Battle of Pharsalus
Date: 48BC, August 9
Location: Pharsalus, Greece
Combatants: Populares vs. Optimates
Populares Commander: Gaius Julius caesar
Optimates Commander: Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus
Result: Populares victory
Populares Strength: 22000 legionnaires, 5000-10000 auxiliaries and allies, 1800 allied cavalry
Optimates Strength: 60000 legionnaires, 4200 auxiliaries and allies, 5000-8000 allied cavalry
Populares Casualties: 1200
Optimates Casualties: 6000

Battle of Nicopolis
Date: 48BC
Location: Near Nicopolis, Armenia
Combatants: Roman Republic vs. Bosphoran Kingdom/Pontus
Roman Commander: Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus
Bosphoran/Pontic Commander: Pharnaces II
Result: Bosphoran/Pontic victory
Roman Strength: ?
Bosphoran/Pontic Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Bosphoran/Pontic Casualties: ?

Battle in Alexandria
Date: 48BC
Location: Alexandria, Egypt
Combatants: Caesar's forces & Cleopaptra's forces vs. Ptolemeic forces
Roman Commander: Gaius Julius Caesar
Ptolemeic Commanders: Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator & Arsinoe IV
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: ?
Ptolemeic Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Ptolemeic Casualties: ?

Battle of the Nile
Date: 47BC, February
Location: Near the Nile, Egypt
Combatants: Caesar's forces & Cleopatra's forces vs. Ptolemeic forces
Roman Commander: Gaius Julius Caesar
Ptolemeic Commanders: Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator & Arsinoe IV
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: About 20000 (including Cleopatra's forces)
Ptolemeic Strength: About 20000
Roman Casualties: ?
Ptolemeic Casualties: ?

Battle of Zela
Date: 47BC, May
Location: Zela, present-day Turkey
Combatants: Roman Republic vs. Bosphoran Kingdom/Pontus
Roman Commander: Gaius Julius Caesar
Bosphoran/Pontic Commander: Pharnaces II
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: ?
Bosphoran/Pontic Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Bosphoran/Pontic Casualties: ?

Battle of Ruspina
Date: 46BC, January 4
Location: Ruspina, present-day Tunisia
Combatants: Populares vs. Optimates
Populares Commander: Gaius Julius Caesar
Optimates Commander: Titus Labienus
Result: Optimates victory
Populares Strength: ?
Optimates Strength: ?, but outnumber Caesar's army by a large margin
Populares Casualties: About one-third of the army
Optimates Casualties: ?

Battle of Thapsus
Date: 46BC, February 6
Location: Thapsus, present-day Tunisia
Combatants: Populares vs. Optimates
Populares Commander: Gaius Julius Caesar
Optimates Commanders: Caecilius Metellus Scipio & Marcus Porcius Cato Minor
Result: Populares victory
Populares Strength: At least 10 legions
Optimates Strength: At least 10 legions, 2500 cavalry, local allies, 60 elephants
Populares Casualties: 1000
Optimates Casualties: 30000

Battle of Munda
Date: 45BC, March 17
Location: Near Munda, Spain
Combatants: Populares vs. Optimates
Populares Commander: Gaius Julius Caesar
Optimates Commanders: Gnaeus Pompeius & Titus Labienus
Result: Populares victory
Populares Strength: 8 legion, 8000 cavalry
Optimates Strength: 13 legions, 6000 cavalry, 6000 light infantry
Populares Casualties: 1000
Optimates Casualties: 30000

Battle of Forum Gallorum
Date: 43BC, April 14
Location: Northern Italy
Combatants: Roman Republic vs. Marcus Antonius' forces
Roman Republic Commanders: Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus & Aulus Hirtius
Opposing Commander: Marcus Antonius
Result: Roman Republic victory
Roman Republic Strength: ?
Antonius' Forces Strength: ?
Roman Republic Casualties: ?
Antonius' Forces Casualties: ?

Battle of Mutina
Date: 43BC, April 21
Location: Near Mutina, Italy
Combatants: Roman Republic vs. Marcus Antonius' forces
Roman Commander: Alus Hirtius & Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus
Opposing Commander: Marcus Antonius
Result: Roman Republic victory
Roman Republic Strength: ?
Antonius' Forces Strength: ?
Roman Republic Casualties: ?
Antonius' Forces Casualties: ?

First Battle of Philippi
Date: 42BC, October 3
Location: Near Philippi, Greece
Combatants: Triumvirs vs. Liberatores
Triumvirs Commanders: Marcus Antonius & Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus
Liberatores Commanders: Marcus Junius Brutus & Gaius Cassius Longinus
Result: Draw (Antonius defeated Cassius, bu Octavianus was defeated by Brutus)
Triumvirs Strength: 19 Legions, 33000 allied cavalry (13000 with Octavianus, 20000 with Antonius)
Lieratores Strength: 17 Legions, allied levies, 17000 allied cavalry (including 5000 horse-archers)
Triumvirs Casualties: Antonius: ?, Octavianus: about 18000
Liberatores Casualties: Brutus: ?, Cassius: 9000

Second Battle of Philippi
Date: 42BC, October 23
Location: Near Philippi, Greece
Combatants: Triumvirs vs. Liberatores
Triumvirs Commanders: Marcus Antonius & Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus
Liberatores Commander: Marcus Junius Brutus
Result: Triumvir victory
Triumvirs Strength: Unknown, because the exact ammount of casualties for the 1st Battle of Philippi isn't known
Liberatores Strength: Unknown, because the exact ammount of casualties for the 1st Battle of Philippi isn't known
Triumvirs Casualties: ?
Liberatores Casualties: ?

Battle of Perugia
Date: Winter, 41-40BC
Location: Near Perugia
Combatants: Octavianus' forces vs. Lucius Antonius' and Fulvia's forces
Commander: Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus
Opposing Commander: Lucius Antonius (?)
Result: Octavianus' victory
Octavianus' Strength: ?
Opposing Strength: At least 8 legions
Octavianus' Casualties: ?
Opposing Casualties: ?

Naval Battle of Mile
Date: 36BC, August
Location: Off the coast of Mile, Sicily
Combatants: Octavianus' forces vs. Pompeians
Octavianus' Commander: Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa
Pompeian Commander: Sextus Pompeius
Result: Octavianus' victory
Octavianus' Strength: ?
Pompeian Strength: ?
Octavianus' Casualties: ?
Pompeian Casualties: ?

Naval Battle of Taormina
Date: 36BC, August
Location: Off the coast of Taormina, Sicily
Combatants: Octavianus' forces vs. Pompeians
Octavianus' Commander: Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus
Pompeian Commander: Sextus Pompeius
Result: Pompeian victory
Octavianus' Strength: ?
Pompeian Strength: ?
Octavianus' Casualties: ?
Pompeian Casualties: ?

Naval Battle of Naulochus
Date: 36BC, September 3
Location: Off the coast of Naulochus, Sicily
Combatants: Octavianus' forces vs. Pompeians
Octavianus' Commander: Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa
Pompeian Commander: Sextus Pompeius
Result: Octavianus' victory
Octavianus' Strength: 300 ships
Pompeian Strength: 300 ships
Octavianus' Casualties: 3 ships sunk
Pompeian Casualties: 28 ships sunk, 255 ships captured

Naval Battle of Actium
Date: 31BC, September 2
Location: Ionian Sea, near Actium, Greece
Combatants: Octavianus' forces vs. Marcus Antonius' & Cleopatra VII's forces
Octavianus' Commander: Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa
Opposing Commander: Marcus Antonius
Result: Octavianus' victory
Octavianus' Strength: 400 ships (mainly small Liburnian vessels), 16000 Legionary marines
Opposing Strength: 230 ships (mainly quinqueremes), 2000 archers, 20000 Legionary Marines
Octavianus' Casualties: ?
Opposing Casualties: Nearly the whole fleet destroyed or captured

Battle in Moesia
Date: 29BC
Location: Moesia
Combatants: Roman Republic vs. Basternae
Roman Commander: Marcus Crassus
Basternae Commander: Deldo
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: ?
Basternae Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Basternae Casualties: ?

Battle of Napata
Date: 22BC
Location: Napata, Nubia
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Nubia
Roman Commander: Gaius Petronius Pontius Nigrinus
Nubian Commander: Candace
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: 2 Legions (XXII Deiotariana & III Cyrenaica)
Nubian Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Nubian Casualties: ?

Battle against Germanic Tribes
Date: 16BC
Location: Gaul
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Sigambri & Usipetes & Tencteri
Roman Commander: Marcus Lollius
Germanic Commander: ?
Result: Germanic victory
Roman Strength: ?
Germanic Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Germanic Casualties: ?

Battle of the Lupia River
Date: 11BC
Location: Lower Lupia River, Germania
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Sicambri
Roman Commander: Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus
Sicambrian Commander: ?
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: ?
Sicambrian Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Sicambrian Casualties: ?

Battle of the Teutoburg Forest
Date: 9AD
Location: Present-day Kalkriese?, Germania
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Germanians
Roman Commander: Publius Quinctilius Varus
Germanic Commander: Arminius
Result: Germanic victory
Roman Strength: 3 legions (XVII, XVIII, XIX), 3 alae, 6 auxiliary cohorts
Germanic Strength: 10000-18000?
Roman Casualties: Whole army
Germanic Casualties: ?

Battle of the Weser River
Date: 16AD
Location: Somewhere on the right side of the Weser River, Germania
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Germanians
Roman Commander: Germanicus Julius Caesar
Germanic Commander: Arminius
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: ?
Germanic Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Germanic Casualties: ?

Small Battle in Africa
Date: 18AD
Location: Africa
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. mutinous Numidian or Mauritanian tribe(s)
Roman Commander: ?
Opposing Commander: ?
Result: Numidian or Mauritanian victory
Roman Strength: 1 vexillatio of Legio III Augusta
Opposing Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: Entire vexillatio destroyed
Opposing Casualties: ?

Battle of the Medway
Date: 43AD
Location: River Medway, present-day Kent, Britannia
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Britons
Roman Commander: Aulus Plautius
Briton Commanders: Togodumnus & Caratacus
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: 4 Legions, + cavalry and auxiliaries
Briton Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Briton Casualties: ?

Battle of Caer Caradoc
Date: 50AD
Location: Unknown, Britannia
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Ordovices (& Silures?)
Roman Commander: Publius Ostorius Scapula
Briton Commander: Caratacus
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: ?, but less than the Britons
Briton Strength: ?, but more than the Romans
Roman Casualties: ?
Briton Casualties: ?

Battle of Watling Street
Date: 61AD
Location: Watling Street?, Britannia
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Britons
Roman Commander: Gaius Suetonius Paulinus
Briton Commander: Boudica
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: Around 10000, including Legio XIV Gemina and parts of XX Valeria Victrix
Briton Strength: 230000?
Roman Casualties: 400?
Briton Casualties: 80000?

Battle of Rhandeia
Date: 62AD
Location: ?
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Parthia & Armenia
Roman Commander: Lucius Caesennius Paetus
Parthian-Armenian Commander: Tiridates I
Result: Parthian-Armenian victory
Roman Strength: 2 Legions (XII Fulminata & IIII Scythica)
Parthian-Armenian Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: Whole army surrendered
Parthian-Armenian Casualties: ?

Revolt in Jerusalem
Date: 66AD
Location: Jerusalem, Judaea
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Revolting Jews
Roman Commander: ?
Jewish Commander: ?
Result: Jewish victory
Roman Strength: ?
Jewish Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Jewish Casualties: ?

Battle of Beth Horon
Date: 66AD
Location: near Beth Horon, Judaea
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Revolting Jews
Roman Commander: Gaius Cestius Gallus
Jewish Commander: Eleazar ben Simon
Result: Jewish victory
Roman Strength: 1 Legion (XII Fulminata)
Jewish Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: Nearly the entire legion
Jewish Casualties: ?

Vindex's Revolt Against Nero
Date: 67AD
Location: Germania Superior or Gaul
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Vindex's forces
Roman Empire Commander: Lucius Verginius Rufus
Opposing Commander: Gaius Julius Vindex
Result: Roman Empire victory
Roman Empire Strength: ?
Opposing Strength: ?
Roman Empire Casualties: ?
Opposing Casualties: ?

Battle in the Alps
Date: 69AD
Location: Somewhere in the Alps
Combatants: Otho's Forces vs. Vitellius' Forces
Otho's Forces Commander: ?
Vitellius' Forces Commander: ?
Result: Otho's forces victory
Otho's Forces Strength: ?
Vitellius' Forces Strength: ?
Otho's Forces Casualties: ?
Vitellius' Forces Casualties: ?

Assault of Placentia (Siege?)
Date: 69AD
Location: Placentia
Combatants: Otho's Forces vs. Vitellius' Forces
Otho's Forces Commander: ?
Vitellius' Forces Commander: Aulus Caecina Alienus
Result: Otho's forces victory
Otho's Forces Strength: ?
Vitellius' Forces Strength: ?
Otho's Forces Casualties: ?
Vitellius' Forces Casualties: ?

Battle of Locus Castrorum
Date: 69AD
Location: near Locus Castrorum
Combatants: Vitellius' Forces vs. Otho's Forces
Otho's Forces Commander: Gaius Suetonius Paulinus
Vitellius' Forces Commander: Aulus Caecina Alienus
Result: Otho's forces victory
Otho's Forces Strength: 2 Legions (I Adiutrix, XIII Gemina), parts of XIIII Gemina, Praetorian Guard, gladiators
Vitellius' Forces Strength: ?
Otho's Forces Casualties: ?
Vitellius' Forces Casualties: ?

First Battle of Bedriacum / Cremona
Date: 69AD
Location: near Bedriacum and Cremona
Combatants: Otho's Forces vs. Vitellius' Forces
Otho's Forces Commander: Titianus (brother of Otho)
Vitellius' Forces Commanders: Fabius Valens & Aulus Caecina Alienus
Result: Vitellius' forces victory
Otho's Forces Strength: 2 Legions (I Adiutrix, XIII Gemina), parts of XIIII Gemina, Praetorian Guard, gladiators
Vitellius' Forces Strength: Around 70000 (2 Legions (XXI Rapax & V Alaudae), vexillationes from all other Rhine legions, and a strong force of Batavian auxiliaries)
Otho's Forces Casualties: ?
Vitellius' Forces Casualties: ?

Second Battle of Bedriacum / Cremona
Date: 69AD
Location: near Bedriacum and Cremona
Combatants: Vespasianus' Forces vs. Vitellius' Forces
Vespasianus' Forces Commander: Marcus Antonius Primus
Vitellius' Forces Commander: No commander (?)
Result: Vespasianus' forces victory
Vespasianus' Forces Strength: 5 Legions? (III Gallica, VII Claudia, VII Gemina, VIII Augusta, XIII Gemina)
Vitellius' Forces Strength: 4 Legions (XXI Rapax, V Alaudae, I Italica, XXII Primigenia), vexillationes from 7 other legions, and auxiliaries
Vespasianus' Forces Casualties: ?
Vitellius' Forces Casualties: ?

First Battle in the Batavian Rebellion
Date: 69AD
Location: near modern Arnhem, Germania Inferior
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Batavian and Canefate Rebels
Roman Commander: ?
Rebel Commander: Gaius Julius Civilis
Result: Rebel victory
Roman Strength: ?, only auxiliaries
Rebel Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Rebel Casualties: ?

Battle Near Noviomagus
Date: 69AD
Location: near Noviamagus, Germania Inferior
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Batavian Rebels
Roman Commander: ?
Rebel Commander: Gaius Julius Civilis
Result: Rebel victory
Roman Strength: 2 understrength Legions (V Alaudae & XV Primigenia), 3 auxiliary units (including a Batavian cavalry squadron)
Rebel Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Rebel Casualties: ?

Siege of Castra Vetera
Date: 69AD
Location: Castra Vetera (Xanten), Germania Inferior
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Batavian Rebels
Roman Commander: Munius Lupercus?
Rebel Commander: Gaius Julius Civilis
Result: Roman victory (rebels abandoned the siege)
Roman Strength: 2 understrength Legions (V Alaudae & XV Primigenia)
Rebel Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Rebel Casualties: ?

Battle of Gelduba
Date: 69AD
Location: Gelduba (modern Krefeld), Germania Inferior
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Batavian Rebels
Roman Commander: ?
Rebel Commander: Gaius Julius Civilis
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: ?
Rebel Strength: 8 cavalry regiments
Roman Casualties: ?
Rebel Casualties: ?

Second Siege of Castra Vetera
Date: 70AD
Location: Castra Vetera (Xanten), Germania Inferior
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Batavian Rebels
Roman Commander: Munius Lupercus
Rebel Commander: Gaius Julius Civilis
Result: Rebel victory
Roman Strength: 2 understrength Legions (V Alaudae & XV Primigenia)
Rebel Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: Whole force destroyed
Rebel Casualties: ?

Siege of Jerusalem
Date: 70AD, March-September
Location: Jerusalem, Judaea
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Revolting Jews
Roman Commander: Titus Flavius Vespasianus
Jewish Commanders: Simon Bar-Giora, Yohanan mi-Gush Halav, Eleazar ben Simon
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: 70000, including 4 Legions (V Macedonia, X Fretensis, XII Fulminata, XV Apollinaris)
Jewish Strength: 13000
Roman Casualties: ?
Jewish Casualties: 60000-1100000 (mainly civilians)

Siege of Masada
Date: 72-73AD
Location: Masada, Judaea
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Jews (Sicarii)
Roman Commander: Lucius Flavius Silva
Jewish Commander: Elazar ben Ya'ir
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: 1 Legion (X Fretensis)
Jewish Strength: 966 (including women and children)
Roman Casualties: ?
Jewish Casualties: 960

Battle of Mons Graupius
Date: 83AD or 84AD
Location: Scotland
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Caledonians
Roman Commander: Gnaeus Julius Agricola
Caledonian Commander: Calgacus
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: About 20000 (including 3000 cavalry, 8000 auxiliary infantry)
Caledonian Strength: About 30000
Roman Casualties: 360
Caledonian Casualties: 10000

First Battle of Tapae
Date: 87AD
Location: Tapae, Dacia
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Dacia
Roman Commander: Cornelius Fuscus
Dacian Commander: Decebalus
Result: Dacian victory
Roman Strength: 5 or 6 Legions (V Alaudae)
Dacian Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?, but heavy
Dacian Casualties: ?

Second Battle of Tapae
Date: 88AD
Location: Tapae, Dacia
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Dacia
Roman Commander: Tettius Julianus
Dacian Commander: Decebalus
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: 4 legions?
Dacian Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Dacian Casualties: ?

Battle against the Sarmatians
Date: 92AD
Location: Pannonia
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Sarmatians
Roman Commander: ?
Sarmatian Commander: ?
Result: Sarmantian victory
Roman Strength: 1 Legion? (XXI Rapax)
Sarmatian Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: Entire legion destroyed
Sarmatian Casualties: ?

Third Battle of Tapae
Date: 101AD
Location: Tapae, Dacia
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Dacia
Roman Commander: Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus
Dacian Commander: Decebalus
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: Around 10 Legions + vexillationes?
Dacian Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Dacian Casualties: ?

Battle of Adamclisi
Date: Winter 101-102AD
Location: Adamclisi, Dacia
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Dacia & allied Roxolani and Basternae
Roman Commander: Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus
dacian Commander: Decebalus
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: Around 10 Legions + vexillationes?
Dacian Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Dacian Casualties: ?

Siege of Sarmisegetusa
Date: 106AD
Location: Sarmisegetusa, Dacia
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Dacia
Roman Commander: Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus
Dacian Commander: Decebalus
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: ?
Dacian Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Dacian Casualties: ?

Bar Kokhba's Revolt
Date: 132-135AD
Location: Judaea
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Revolting Jews
Roman Commander: Sextus Julius Severus
Jewish Commander: Simon Bar Kokhba
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: ?, including at least 4 legions (VI Ferrata, X Fretensis, XXII Deiotariana, II Traiana Fortis), auxilliaries and vexillationes
Jewish Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?, Legio XXII Deiotariana annihilated
Jewish Casualties: 580000 (including civilians)

Battle of Cyzicus
Date: 193AD
Location: Near Cyzicus, Asia Minor
Combatants: Septimus Severus' forces vs. Pescennius Niger's forces
Severus' forces Commander: Septimus Severus
Niger's forces Commander: Pescennius Niger
Result: Severus' victory
Severus' forces Strength: ?
Niger's forces Strength: ?
Severus' forces Casualties: ?
Niger's forces Casualties: ?

Battle of Nicaea
Date: 193AD
Location: Near Nicaea, Asia Minor
Combatants: Septimus Severus' forces vs. Pescennius Niger's forces
Severus' forces Commander: Septimus Severus
Niger's forces Commander: Pescennius Niger
Result: Severus' victory
Severus' forces Strength: ?
Niger's forces Strength: ?
Severus' forces Casualties: ?
Niger's forces Casualties: ?

Battle of Issus
Date: 196AD
Location: Near Cyzicus, Asia Minor
Combatants: Septimus Severus' forces vs. Pescennius Niger's forces
Severus' forces Commander: Septimus Severus
Niger's forces Commander: Pescennius Niger
Result: Severus' victory
Severus' forces Strength: 12 Legions
Niger's forces Strength: 6 or 9 Legions + Auxiliaries
Severus' forces Casualties: ?
Niger's forces Casualties: ?

Battle of Lugdunum
Date: February 197AD
Location: Near Lugdunum (Lyon), Gaul
Combatants: Septimus Severus' forces vs. Clodius Albinus' forces
Severus' forces Commander: Septimus Severus
Albinus' forces Commander: Clodius Albinus
Result: Severus' victory
Severus' forces Strength: The Legions from Dacia, Moesia, Pannonia & Illyricum + Auxiliaries
Albinus' forces Strength: The Legions from Britannia & Spain + Auxiliaries
Severus' forces Casualties: ?
Albinus' forces Casualties: ?

Battle of Nisibis
Date: 217AD
Location: near Nisibis
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Parthia
Roman Commander: Marcus Opellius Macrinus
Parthian Commander: Artabanus IV
Result: Draw
Roman Strength: ?
Parthian Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Parthian Casualties: ?

Battle of Antioch
Date: 218AD
Location: near Antioch, Syria
Combatants: Macrinus' forces vs. Elagabalus' forces
Macrinus' forces Commander: Marcus Opellius Macrinus
Elagabalus' forces Commander: Gannys
Result: Elagabalus' victory
Macrinus' Strength: ?
Elagabalus' Strength: At least 2 legions (II Parthica & III Gallica)
Macrinus' Casualties: ?
Elagabalus' Casualties: ?

Battle of Carthage
Date: 238AD
Location: near Carthage, Africa
Combatants: Forces loyal to emperor Maximinus Thrax vs. forces of Gordianus I & Gordianus II
Maximinus Thrax's Commander: Capelianus
Opposing Commander: Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus (Gordian II)
Result: Maximinus Thrax's forces victory
Maximinus Thrax's forces Strength: 1 Legion (III Augusta)
Opposing Strength: Untrained militias
Maximinus Thrax's forces Casualties: ?
Opposing Casualties: ?

Battle of Resaena
Date: 243AD
Location: near Resaena, Mesopatamia
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Sassanid Empire
Roman Commander: Gaius Furius Sabinius Aquila Timesitheus (Praetorian Prefect)
Sassanid Commander: Shapur I
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: ?
Sassanid Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Sassanid Casualties: ?

Battle of Beroea
Date: 250AD
Location: near Beroea and Philippopolis
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Goths
Roman Commander: Gaius Messius Quintus Traianus Decius
Gothic Commander: Cniva
Result: Gothic victory
Roman Strength: ?
Gothic Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Gothic Casualties: ?

Battle of Abrittus
Date: 251AD
Location: Scythia Minor
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Goths
Roman Commanders: Gaius Messius Quintus Traianus Decius & Quintus Herennius Etruscus Messius Decius
Gothic Commander: Cniva
Result: Gothic victory
Roman Strength: ?
Gothic Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Gothic Casualties: ?

Battle of Mediolanum
Date: 259AD
Location: near Mediolanum, Cisalpine Gaul
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Alamanni
Roman Commander: Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus
Alamannic Commander: ?
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: ?
Alamannic Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Alamannic Casualties: ?

Battle of Edessa
Date: 260AD
Location: near Edessa, Mesopotamia
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Sassanid Empire
Roman Commander: Publius Licinius Valerianus
Sassanid Commander: Shapur I
Result: Sassanid victory
Roman Strength: ?
Sassanid Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Sassanid Casualties: ?

Battle of Naisus
Date: 268AD
Location: near Naissus, Pannonia
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Goths
Roman Commanders: Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus & Marcus Aurelius Claudius Augustus Gothicus & Lucius Domitius Aurelianus
Gothic Commander: ?
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: ?
Gothic Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Gothic Casualties: 30000-50000

Battle of Lake Benacus
Date: 268AD
Location: Along the banks of Lake Garda, Italy
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Alamanni
Roman Commander: Marcus Aurelius Claudius Augustus Gothicus
Alamannic Commander: ?
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: 35000
Alamannic Strength: Probably more than 100000
Roman Casualties: ?
Alamannic Casualties: At least half of the entire force killed or captured

Battle of Placentia
Date: 271AD
Location: near Placentia, Italy
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Alamanni
Roman Commander: Lucius Domitius Aurelianus
Alamannic Commander: ?
Result: Alamannic victory
Roman Strength: ?
Alamannic Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Alamannic Casualties: ?

Battle of the Metaurus River
Date: 271AD
Location: Banks of the Metaurus River, Italy
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Alamanni
Roman Commander: Lucius Domitius Aurelianus
Alamannic Commander: ?
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: ?
Alamannic Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Alamannic Casualties: ?

Battle of Pavia
Date: 271AD
Location: near Pavia, Italy
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Alamanni
Roman Commander: Lucius Domitius Aurelianus
Alamannic Commander: ?
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: ?
Alamannic Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Alamannic Casualties: Entire army destroyed

Battle of Immae
Date: 272AD
Location: Immae, near Antioch, Mesopotamia
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Palmyrene Empire
Roman Commander: Lucius Domitius Aurelianus
Palmyrene Commander: Zabdas
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: ?
Palmyrene Strength: ?, including clibanarii
Roman Casualties: ?
Palmyrene Casualties: ?

Battle of Emesa
Date: 272AD
Location: near Emesa, Syria
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Palmyrene Empire
Roman Commander: Lucius Domitius Aurelianus
PalmyreneCommanders: Zenobia & Zabdas
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: ?
Palmyrene Strength: ?, including clibanarii
Roman Casualties: ?
Palmyrene Casualties: ?

Battle of Chalons
Date: 274AD
Location: near modern Chalons-sur-Marne, Gaul
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Gallic Empire
Roman Commander: Lucius Domitius Aurelianus
Gallic Commander: Tetricus I
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: ?
Gallic Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Gallic Casualties: ?

Battle of the Margus Valley
Date: 285AD
Location: Valley of the Margus River, Moesia
Combatants: Diocletian's forces vs. Carinus' forces
Diocletian's forces Commander: Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus
Carinus' forces Commander: Marcus Aurelius Carinus
Result: Diocletian's victory
Diocletian's forces Strength: ?
Carinus' forces Strength: ?
Diocletian's forces Casualties: ?
Carinus' forces Casualties: ?

Battle near Ctesiphon
Date: 296AD
Location: near Ctesiphon, Mesopotamia
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Sassanid Empire
Roman Commander: Galerius Valerius Maximianus
Sassanid Commander: Narses
Result: Sassanid victory
Roman Strength: ?
Sassanid Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Sassanid Casualties: ?

Battle of Lingones
Date: 298AD
Location: near Lingones, Gaul
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Alamanni
Roman Commander: Flavius Valerius Constantius
Alamannic Commander: ?
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: ?
Alamannic Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Alamannic Casualties: ?

Battle of Vindonissa
Date: 298AD
Location: Vindonissa
Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Alamanni
Roman Commander: Flavius Valerius Constantius
Alamannic Commander: ?
Result: Roman victory
Roman Strength: ?
Alamannic Strength: ?
Roman Casualties: ?
Alamannic Casualties: ?