Roman Mail doublers when did they stop using them

[Dan Howard]

I also think it a possibility that the combination of the leather cover and the padded subarmalis may under certain circumstances have even been deemed sufficient protection by the soldiers themselves.

Joinville describes an incident in which his camp was attacked by Saracens. He and his retainers had no time to don their hauberks and so engaged the enemy wearing only their padded underarmour. Joinville was hit five times by arrows and wounded by each but not seriously. He wrote that the next day he and his men were still sore from the injuries received but doesn't mention any fatalities.