Franks, Goths and Other Germanics

[Marja]

The Sarmatians replaced the Scythians in the 1st century BC, becaus ethe Scythian Bows couldn't penetrate the Armor of the Sarmatian Cataphract-style horsemen before they closed on them. The Huns displaced the Sarmatians with the advent of stirrups, and the Asymmetric Bow which would pierce their armor before the Sarmatians could close on them.

I thought that the stirrups only reached Europe with the Avars. Is there any new evidence of earlier stirrups?

Also, by late Roman times, the Sarmatians proper are associated with the Hungarian basin, and the Alans and Goths with the Pontic-Danubian region. The Huns would displace many of all these peoples.

it is believed The Sarmatians displaced the Scyths around the same time the Goths displaced the Cimbri and Teutones in the early 1st Century BC. Their contact with each other in Dacia, which was a cultural melting pot, would explain why the Goths and Sarmatians shared certain styles of warfare, pottery, etc etc.

I thought that the Cimbri and Teutones came from what's now northern Jutland, and the Goths from what's now northern Poland. The displaced Cimbri and Teutones came into contact with the Romans in the late 2nd century B.C.E. and whatever crises sent them south came somewhat earlier.

Also, the Hunnic Language is belived to be a dialect of turkish in which only one other language of the dialect still exists today. The Huns were believed to be either the first Turkish invaders, or to have been displaced by them ,but it is most likely the Huns were a mix of Turkish, Mongolian, and Finno-Ugrian peoples from the area east of the Caspaina nd aral Seas (what is now khazakstan I think).