Roman fortresses bearing a name with "castra"

[Robert Vermaat]

Hi Cepheus (you MUST change your signature to your real name, btw - FORUM RULES!),

"Castra Legionis" for Carleon in Wales is attested in Roman times as "Isca". Better still, "caer" is an Old Welsh word meaning "fort", maybe derived from "castra"... The whole "corresponding to, BUT NOT DERIVED FROM, Lat. *castra Legionis" (Rivet & Smith, The Place-names of Roman Britain, London, 1979, pp. 36, 48, 56, 378).

Castra Vetera (= Xanten) is indeed a name I'm looking for... but it is NOT derived from "vetera" = ancient. The Belgian toponymist Maurits Gysseling thought (correctly, I think) that the name was "watara" = water, thus meaning "fort by the water". (BTW, "Xanten" does not come from "sanctas", but is also a water-name).

I edites your message a bit: Xanten, not Xanthen.
Why does Xanten not derive from 'santos'? It's supposed to derive from 'ad sanctos'('to the holy ones'), btw..

Also, Welsh 'caer' does not exclusively mean 'fort', it is used for all walled settlements, including, forts, hillforts, villages and towns.
I never heard that caer could derive from castra, but if Rivet & Smith thought so, well..).

I have found several on the internet, but I have no idea how old these names are.

Castra: Castres
Castra, 1. Castres, St., Frankreich (Tarn).
Castrensis/Chester, but I doubt this is Deva/Chester.
Castricomium, s. Castremonium.
Castriferrei comitatus, d. Komitat Eisenburg (Vas), Hungary.
Castriferrense oppidum, Sárvár, Mfl., Hungary (Eisenburg).
Castriheraldum: Châtellerault (France)
Castrilocus, s. Bergae 2.
Castrimonium, Castricomium, Marino, Italy (Rome).
Castri mons, s. Casletum.
Castrisis, Caestris, Kästris (Castrisch), D., Switserland (Graubunden).
Castrobracense opp., s. Albicastrum
Castrobracum, s. Albicastrum.
Castrodunum, s. Castellodunum.
Castrum, 1. Castro, Italy (Rome)..
Castrum Albiensium: Castres
Castrum cornu, Kastelkorn, Austria, Tirol.
Castrum Salinarum: Château-Salins
Lemovicense Castrum, Limoges