Hippeis, not Hippies

[Paullus Scipio]

James wrote:

To add to our detail with the etymology of ????? and ?????? in Xenophon's opening statements of Leuctra, the cavalry who joined battle and were speedily worsted are described as ??????, the same word for the royal bodyguard (hence the retained title of 'Horsemen' for the royal bodyguard). Thus if ????? remained in Book 6.4.14 of the texts of the Hellenica which it was first found, it would read,

"...when Deinon, the polemarch, Sphodrias, one of the king's tent-companions, and Cleonymus, the son of Sphodrias, had been killed, then the horses, the so-called aides of the polemarch, and the others fell back under the pressure of the Theban mass, while those who were on the left wing of the Lacedaemonians, when they saw that the right wing was being pushed back, gave way..."

It is a pity that ( as you say) you did not read earlier posts ( see my post 23 Nov), for in fact there is no need for an emendation, for just as in English we can speak of 'horsemen'/ 'hippeis' and 'Horse'(plural)/hippoi as in a military unit called the "4th Horse" or "8th Light Horse" who can also be referred to as "The Light Horsemen", the Greek can convey the same sense of 'Horse'/hippoi and 'Horsemen'/hippeis as synonyms for the same military unit. Thus the translation should read "...then the Horse(plural: title of military unit), and the so-called aides of the Polemarch, and then the others fell back..."

And how many times must it be said that 'Hippeis' is NOT a synonym for 'Royal Bodyguard' ?? ( see Stephanos' most recent post). Incorrect translation !!!!!!!

when restructuring of the lochoi and morai, etc., took place in some form),

This is a whole other issue. There is no proof/strong evidence that this occurred. It is far more likely, as Lazenby ponted out, that the 'Mora' went back to antiquity, and there never was any "re-organisation" of units.

The above data from Xenophon is all we have to make an estimate that Cleombrotus was positioned on the right wing of his army with his 'friends' and Hippeis (??????) at Leuctra, almost certainly positioned between the first and second morai. John K. Anderson and John Buckler are certain of this, and John F. Lazenby supports its plausibility (Military Theory and Practice in the Age of Xenophon, pg. 218; The Theban Hegemony, 371-362 B.C., pg. 63; The Spartan Army, pg. 156).

This point too has also been referred to ( see earlier posts)......