Caligae Construction

[Martin Moser]

Hi James,

I don't mean a raised heel like a modern one, what I refer too is seen in 13th century leather pattens and beyond.

yes, this is how I understood you and what I wrote above about the Roman finds was meant to refer to any kind of heel in the sense of raising the backward part of the shoe. Nothing the like is reported to my knowledge I'm afraid

[Martin Moser]

Heels burst on the scene in the 1590s, they are very seldom seen before that. By the first decade of the 17th century they have become very common indeed, either as a separate added group of heel lifts or covered timber heel, or as a wedge added between the layers of the sole.

Thanks for clarifying this, Lucianus! :-) )